Head shaking, scratching around the ears, and dark debris are common reasons new kitten owners call a vet. Ear mites are often suspected, and they are common in cats, but not every itchy ear is caused by mites. Yeast or bacterial infection, foreign material, allergies, and other inflammation can produce similar symptoms. Treatment should follow an examination rather than a guess based on the color of the wax.
Signs to look for without probing the ear
Notice whether one or both ears are affected. Is the kitten shaking its head, scratching enough to make the skin raw, or avoiding touch? Does the ear smell unusual, appear red or swollen, or contain discharge? Heavy scratching can damage the ear flap. Record when the symptoms began and whether other pets are also itching.
When to seek prompt care
A head tilt, unsteady walking, marked swelling, severe pain, significant bleeding, or a kitten who seems generally unwell requires prompt veterinary assessment. Changes in balance or coordination may suggest a problem beyond the outer ear. If the kitten is very young, uncomfortable, not eating, or worsening, do not delay calling the clinic.
How a veterinarian distinguishes mites from infection
A clinician may use an otoscope to examine the canal and check the eardrum, then examine a sample of debris under the microscope for mites, yeast, or bacteria. This matters because drops intended for one condition may be ineffective or harmful when the eardrum is damaged or another cause is present. An in-person exam is often needed to make that distinction.
Why DIY cleaning can make things worse
Do not put peroxide, vinegar, essential oils, cotton swabs, or unprescribed ear medication deep into a kitten’s ear. Inflamed canals can be painful and some products irritate tissue. Do not use a dog’s ear treatment on a kitten. Healthy cats usually do not need routine deep ear cleaning. Ask your veterinarian whether cleaning is needed and to show you how.
Consider other animals in the household
Ear mites can spread between pets, so tell your veterinarian about other cats or dogs with symptoms. Follow the prescribed plan for the affected kitten and any contact animals the clinician advises treating. A follow-up examination may be important if discharge or scratching persists.
For background, read the Merck Veterinary Manual on ear infections and Merck’s discussion of ear mites. A remote visit can help triage symptoms but cannot reliably see the eardrum.
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.