A puppy scratching at an ear or shaking its head might have an infection, ear mites, irritation or a foreign object. The symptoms overlap, so it is a mistake to assume every uncomfortable ear needs the same drops. The safest approach starts with a veterinary examination and, when appropriate, a sample from the ear canal.
Signs that deserve attention
Look for repeated head shaking, scratching, rubbing the ear on furniture, a new odor, redness, dark debris or moist discharge. A puppy may whine when the ear is touched or resist normal handling. These signs suggest discomfort, but they do not show whether yeast, bacteria, mites, allergy or another problem is responsible.
Why an ear exam matters
Veterinarians use an otoscope to assess the ear canal and, when possible, the eardrum. Ear cytology under a microscope may show yeast or bacterial organisms; a parasite check may be indicated. Treatment differs depending on what is found, whether the eardrum is intact and how inflamed the canal has become. Recurrent cases may require evaluation for allergic or other underlying conditions.
Could a video veterinarian diagnose it?
A video consultation may help organize the history and judge urgency, particularly if you can show the ear flap without causing pain. It cannot inspect the deep canal or confirm organisms on a slide. If your puppy needs ear medication, the clinician may first recommend a hands-on exam. Prescription rules also depend on the applicable veterinarian-client-patient relationship and local law.
What not to put in a puppy’s ear
Do not put peroxide, vinegar, essential oils, alcohol, human ear drops or a leftover prescription into a painful ear without veterinary direction. Some products can be harmful when the eardrum is damaged. Avoid deep cotton-swab cleaning, and do not force flushing if the puppy resists. Keep the ears dry until the veterinary team recommends a specific cleaning plan.
When is it urgent?
Seek same-day assessment for intense pain, rapid swelling, bleeding or severe discharge. Head tilt, trouble balancing, facial asymmetry or marked lethargy can signal a deeper problem that needs prompt examination. Sudden collapse or other severe neurologic signs require emergency care.
What helps at the appointment?
Tell the veterinarian when the problem began, whether one or both ears are affected, whether the puppy swims or is bathed frequently, and what products have already been used. Take a photo of visible discharge without probing the canal. For related respiratory signs in young dogs, see our guide to a coughing puppy.
Veterinary reference
Merck Veterinary Manual: Otitis externa in animals.
Educational information; an individual examination is needed to choose treatment.
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.