Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Go to an emergency vet if your dog has unproductive retching with a swollen belly (possible bloat), repeated vomiting, vomiting with diarrhea and lethargy, blood in vomit or stool, black tarry stool, a painful belly, weakness or collapse, or has swallowed a toxin or object. Puppies, seniors, and small dogs can become dehydrated quickly.
Emergency signs
- Bloat (GDV): retching with nothing coming up, a swollen, tight belly, restlessness, drooling. Can be fatal within hours, especially in large, deep-chested breeds.
- Repeated vomiting, or vomiting everything including water
- Blood in vomit (red or “coffee grounds”) or stool
- Black, tarry stool
- Painful belly, hunched posture, or a “praying” position
- Weakness, collapse, or pale gums
- Swallowed objects like toys, socks, or bones
- Possible poisoning
- Unvaccinated puppies with vomiting and diarrhea (possible parvovirus)
What to do
- Don’t give food, water, or home remedies if bloat or a blockage is possible.
- Don’t induce vomiting unless a vet tells you to.
- Bring packaging from any possible toxin.
- Call ahead to the clinic.
For mild upsets in otherwise healthy dogs, see home remedies for upset stomach.
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Vomiting and diarrhea in small animals
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Gastric dilation and volvulus in small animals
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Canine parvovirus
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.