Mange is caused by mites, but not all mange is the same. Sarcoptic mange and demodectic mange involve different mites, spread differently, and may require different treatment plans.
Sarcoptic mange
Sarcoptic mange, or canine scabies, is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. It is highly contagious between dogs and can cause intense itching, hair loss, crusting, and skin inflammation.
People exposed to an affected dog can sometimes develop temporary itchy skin lesions, although the mites do not usually establish a long-term infestation in humans.
Demodectic mange
Demodectic mange is caused by Demodex mites, which normally live in small numbers on dogs. Disease develops when mite populations become excessive.
Localized cases can occur in young dogs, while generalized demodicosis may be associated with immune dysfunction or another underlying illness, especially in adults.
How mange is diagnosed
Veterinarians may use skin scrapings, hair plucks, tape preparations, or other testing. Sarcoptic mites can be difficult to find, so treatment may sometimes be started based on symptoms and exposure history.
Treatment options
Modern parasite-control medications can be very effective against mange mites. Depending on the diagnosis and product, treatment may involve oral or topical prescription medications given on a schedule recommended by your veterinarian.
Treating secondary skin infection
Dogs with mange often damage their skin from scratching. Bacterial or yeast infections may develop and require additional treatment.
Do household remedies work?
Motor oil, bleach, essential oils, harsh dips, and other homemade treatments can injure the skin or poison a dog. They should not be used.
Environmental control
Sarcoptic mange can spread between dogs, so close-contact dogs may need treatment. Bedding and washable items should be cleaned. Demodectic mange generally does not require the same household-control approach.
When to see a veterinarian
Make an appointment for persistent itching, patchy or widespread hair loss, crusting, sores, or skin infection. Young puppies, senior dogs, and dogs with generalized demodicosis may need evaluation for additional health problems.
The bottom line
Mange is treatable, but the first step is identifying which type is present. Modern veterinary parasite medications are far safer and more reliable than homemade remedies.
Sources
- Companion Animal Parasite Council guidance on mites
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Mange in dogs
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.