Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Esophageal reflux happens when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus and can cause esophagitis (inflammation). In dogs, it’s commonly associated with anesthesia, chronic vomiting, hiatal hernias (especially in flat-faced breeds), and obesity. Signs include regurgitation, drooling, lip licking, painful swallowing, and reduced appetite. Treatment usually includes acid reducers, a protective coating medication, and feeding changes.
Signs
- Regurgitation: food comes up without effort, often soon after eating
- Drooling or lip licking
- Swallowing repeatedly or painful swallowing
- Reduced appetite
- Coughing if material is inhaled
Regurgitation vs. vomiting
Regurgitation is passive, with undigested food and no heaving. Vomiting involves abdominal contractions. The difference helps your vet find the cause.
Causes
- Anesthesia, with signs a few days after surgery
- Chronic vomiting
- Hiatal hernia, common in flat-faced breeds
- Obesity
- Megaesophagus, a different condition where the esophagus doesn’t move food properly
Treatment
- Acid reducers, usually a proton pump inhibitor
- Sucralfate to coat and protect the esophagus
- Small, frequent, low-fat meals
- Treating underlying causes
- Pain relief when swallowing hurts
When it’s urgent
- Not eating or drinking
- Coughing, fast breathing, or fever (possible aspiration pneumonia)
- Signs after swallowing an object or caustic substance
More: acid reflux in dogs and antacids for pets.
Sources
- Marks SL, et al. ACVIM consensus statement: Support for rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants to dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2018
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Esophagitis in small animals
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.