Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Hyperkeratosis is an overgrowth of keratin that makes a dog’s nose or paw pads thick, dry, and crusty. It’s often age-related or inherited in certain breeds and may be harmless, but it can also be a sign of conditions like autoimmune disease, zinc-responsive dermatosis, distemper, or liver disease. A vet exam is important, especially if the skin cracks, bleeds, or loses pigment.
Signs
- Thick, dry, or crusty nose
- Hard, cracked, or “hairy”-looking paw pads
- Limping or sensitivity
- Loss of nose pigment (a sign to check with your vet)
Causes
- Aging
- Inherited forms in breeds like Labrador Retrievers, Dogues de Bordeaux, and Irish Terriers
- Autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus foliaceus
- Zinc-responsive dermatosis in Huskies and Malamutes
- Canine distemper (“hard pad”)
- Liver-related skin disease
- Leishmaniasis in affected regions
Management
- Treat any underlying disease
- Soak and moisturize with vet-recommended products
- Have your vet trim excess keratin
- Protect pads with booties if needed
What to avoid
- Cutting or peeling crusts at home
- Human products with salicylic acid, zinc, or numbing agents
- Essential oils
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Footpad disorders
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Pemphigus complex in dogs
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Zinc-responsive dermatosis
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.