Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: For most pets, spaying and neutering are the safest and most reliable forms of birth control. Hormonal “pet birth control” drugs are rarely used because of serious side effects. Other options include vasectomy or ovary-sparing procedures in some cases, and strict separation during heats. After an accidental mating, contact your vet quickly to discuss options.
Main options
- Spay (females): prevents pregnancy, heats, and pyometra
- Neuter (males): prevents fathering litters and some health and behavior problems
- Vasectomy or ovary-sparing spay: prevent breeding while keeping hormones. Discuss the trade-offs with your vet
- Separation: keep females away from intact males throughout heat
Options to avoid
- Human birth control pills
- Hormone injections or pills not prescribed by a vet
- “Natural” products claiming to prevent pregnancy
After an accidental mating
Call your vet as soon as possible. Options depend on timing and your pet’s health, and may include spaying or medication under veterinary care.
Timing of spay/neuter
Discuss timing with your vet, since recommendations vary by species, breed, and size.
More: dog neutering and heat suppression.
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Contraception in small animals
- American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA): Spaying and neutering
- Hart BL, et al. Assisting decision-making on age of neutering for 35 breeds of dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2020
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.