A dog that hesitates to jump, has pain in the lower back, or drags a hind paw may be dealing with a spinal problem rather than ordinary aging. One possible cause is degenerative lumbosacral stenosis, a narrowing around the lower-spine nerve roots. This is seen most often in larger dogs, including German Shepherds, but different diseases can cause similar signs.
What happens at the lower spine
Changes involving the discs, joints, and surrounding tissues can reduce the space available for nerve roots near the junction of the lumbar spine and sacrum. The result may be pain with movement, reduced ability to rise or jump, trouble using the hind legs, or changes in tail function. Difficulty controlling urination or defecation can occur in more serious cases.
When symptoms require urgent assessment
New inability to walk, rapidly worsening weakness, severe pain, or loss of bladder or bowel control warrants prompt in-person veterinary assessment. Do not attempt a home spine adjustment or give human painkillers. Keep the dog from jumping or navigating stairs until advised otherwise.
How veterinarians confirm the problem
The veterinarian examines the nervous system, gait, and painful areas. X-rays can show degenerative changes, but they do not directly reveal all nerve compression. MRI or CT may be recommended to understand what is causing the symptoms and to plan treatment. Hip disease, disc disease at other sites, and other neurologic conditions may need to be considered.
Care and follow-up
Some mildly affected dogs improve with controlled activity and veterinarian-directed pain management. Dogs with persistent pain or significant neurological deficits may be considered for surgery or a specialist consultation. A recovery plan should address exercise restriction, safe movement, rehabilitation, and rechecks. Our neurologic emergency guide explains warning signs that should not wait.
Reference
Merck Veterinary Manual: Degenerative Diseases of the Spinal Column. Educational, not an individual diagnosis or a named-veterinarian review.
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.