Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Early liver disease in dogs often causes no obvious signs, or only vague ones like reduced appetite, occasional vomiting, weight loss, and increased thirst. It’s frequently discovered on routine bloodwork as raised liver enzymes. Later signs include yellow gums or eyes (jaundice), a swollen belly, and confusion after meals. Because the liver has a large reserve, catching problems early gives the best chance of effective treatment.
Early signs
- Reduced or picky appetite
- Occasional vomiting or diarrhea
- Weight loss
- Increased thirst and urination
- Lethargy
Later signs
- Yellow gums, skin, or whites of the eyes
- Swollen belly (fluid)
- Pale or gray stool, or dark orange urine
- Confusion, head pressing, or seizures, sometimes after meals
- Bleeding or bruising
Liver enzymes on bloodwork
Raised liver enzymes don’t always mean liver disease. They can also rise with some medications (like steroids and phenobarbital), Cushing’s disease, and other illnesses. Your vet may recheck them, test liver function with bile acids, and use ultrasound.
When to see a vet
See your vet for ongoing appetite changes, vomiting, or weight loss. Go urgently for jaundice, confusion, or a swollen belly.
More: causes of liver disease in dogs.
Sources
- Webster CRL, et al. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Hepatic disease in small animals
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.