Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Raised liver enzymes are common on senior dog bloodwork, but they don’t always mean serious liver disease. In older dogs, common causes include benign nodular changes, Cushing’s disease, medications, gallbladder problems, chronic hepatitis, and liver tumors. Follow-up tests like bile acids and ultrasound help decide what needs treatment. Many older dogs with mild changes just need monitoring.
Common findings in senior dogs
- Nodular hyperplasia: benign nodules common in older dogs
- Vacuolar hepatopathy: linked to Cushing’s disease, steroids, or other illness
- Gallbladder mucocele: thickened bile that can block or rupture the gallbladder
- Chronic hepatitis
- Liver tumors: some large single tumors can be removed surgically with good results
- Medication effects from drugs like phenobarbital or NSAIDs
Next steps after abnormal results
- Repeat bloodwork
- Bile acid test for liver function
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Tests for Cushing’s disease
- Sometimes needle samples or biopsy
When to worry
Jaundice, weight loss, vomiting, a swollen belly, or confusion need prompt attention.
Supporting an older dog’s liver
- Regular bloodwork every 6 months for seniors
- Keep medications to those that are needed, and monitor them
- Healthy weight and a complete diet
Sources
- Webster CRL, et al. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Hepatic disease in small animals
- AAHA Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. 2023
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.