Updated October 14, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Neurological problems affect the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. Early signs include wobbly walking, knuckling of the paws, weakness, head tilt, circling, behavior changes, neck or back pain, tremors, and seizures. Some, like sudden paralysis or repeated seizures, are emergencies. Others develop slowly. A vet’s neurological exam helps locate the problem and guide testing.
Signs to watch for
- Wobbly or drunken walking
- Scuffing or knuckling paws, worn toenails
- Weakness in the back or front legs
- Neck or back pain, yelping when touched
- Head tilt, circling, rapid eye movements
- Seizures or episodes of staring, twitching, or collapse
- Confusion, behavior changes, or head pressing
- Changes in bladder or bowel control
- Tremors
Emergencies
- Sudden inability to walk
- A seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or several in a day
- Head injury
- Sudden severe neck or back pain
- Possible toxin exposure
What your vet will check
- A neurological exam: reflexes, gait, and cranial nerves
- Bloodwork for metabolic causes like low blood sugar or liver disease
- X-rays, MRI, or CT
- Spinal fluid testing in some cases
More: slipped discs, vestibular disease, and brain tumors.
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Nervous system disorders in dogs
- Berendt M, et al. International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals. BMC Vet Res. 2015
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.