Updated October 31, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Some foods make a dog’s stomach uncomfortable, while others are genuinely toxic. Those are different problems, and the response should depend on what the dog ate and how it is behaving. A rich meal may lead to digestive upset, but swallowing xylitol or grapes warrants urgent veterinary advice even if your dog looks fine at first.
Common causes of ordinary stomach upset
Fatty table scraps, a sudden change in diet, spoiled food and unfamiliar treats can trigger vomiting or diarrhea in some dogs. Dairy may also disagree with dogs that have difficulty digesting lactose. High-fat meals can be especially concerning because pancreatitis is possible; repeated vomiting, painful abdomen or marked lethargy should not be managed as simple indigestion.
Foods that may poison a dog
Chocolate, grapes and raisins, xylitol-containing products, onions, garlic, macadamia nuts, alcohol and raw yeast dough are examples of foods or ingredients that may be dangerous. The dose, product and individual animal matter. Do not assume a small amount is safe or wait for symptoms before calling a veterinarian or animal poison-control service. Save the packaging so the clinician can identify ingredients.
Why bones and garbage matter too
Bones, food wrappers, corn cobs, socks and other objects may cause intestinal injury or blockage. Garbage and compost can contain spoiled food, mold or toxins. If your dog repeatedly retches, cannot keep water down, has a swollen painful abdomen or becomes weak, seek emergency care rather than trying to help the object “pass” with food.
Keeping meals predictable
Make changes to a complete dog diet gradually, and keep rich treats limited. Secure trash bins, keep food off low countertops and supervise access to chew items. Dogs with repeated digestive problems should be evaluated for underlying medical causes instead of being switched through endless diets.
Related reading: digestive emergencies and preventing poisoning in dogs.
Veterinary references
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.