Updated September 25, 2026. Fact-checked against veterinary sources; review by a licensed veterinarian is in progress. See our editorial policy.
Quick answer: Spondylosis deformans is the growth of bony spurs along the edges of the vertebrae in the spine. It’s very common in older and large-breed dogs and is usually found by chance on X-rays. Most dogs with spondylosis have no pain from it at all. When a dog with spondylosis does have back pain or weakness, vets look carefully for another cause, such as a slipped disc or arthritis. Treatment is only needed if your dog is uncomfortable.
What causes it
Spondylosis is linked to aging and wear on the discs between the vertebrae. The body forms bony spurs that can eventually bridge the gap between vertebrae. Genetics and body size play a role, and it’s common in Boxers and other large breeds.
Signs
- Often none
- Stiffness, especially after rest
- Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or be picked up
- A hunched back or sensitivity when the back is touched (usually from a related problem)
- Rarely, weakness or nerve signs if a spur presses on a nerve
When to see a vet
See your vet for any new stiffness, back pain, or change in how your dog walks. Go urgently if your dog is weak, wobbly, dragging its legs, or can’t urinate. These point to a spinal cord problem such as a slipped disc.
Diagnosis
- A physical and neurological exam
- X-rays, which show the bony spurs
- MRI or CT if nerve signs suggest disc disease or another spinal problem
Spondylosis on X-rays doesn’t automatically explain back pain, so your vet will consider other causes.
Treatment if your dog is uncomfortable
- Pain relief: veterinary NSAIDs, and sometimes other pain medications, as your vet prescribes
- Weight management: less weight means less strain on the spine and joints
- Regular, moderate exercise: leash walks and swimming keep muscles strong
- Physical rehabilitation: therapeutic exercises, underwater treadmill, and other modalities
- Treating arthritis or disc disease if present
Home comfort tips
- A supportive orthopedic bed
- Ramps or steps for cars and furniture
- Non-slip rugs on slick floors
- A harness instead of a collar
- Warm, draft-free resting spots
Supplements
Omega-3 fatty acids have some evidence for supporting joint comfort in dogs with arthritis. Evidence for glucosamine and chondroitin is mixed. None reverse spondylosis. Ask your vet before adding supplements, especially if your dog takes other medications.
What to avoid
- Human pain relievers, which can cause stomach ulcers, kidney damage, or liver damage in dogs.
- Complete rest for a dog without acute injury, which can cause stiffness and muscle loss.
- High-impact activity such as repeated jumping or rough play if your dog is sore.
Frequently asked questions
Is spondylosis painful for dogs?
Usually not. Many dogs with extensive spondylosis are pain-free.
Can spondylosis be reversed?
No, but it typically progresses slowly and often never causes problems.
Is spondylosis the same as arthritis?
It’s different from joint arthritis, although both are common in older dogs and can occur together.
Sources
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Spondylosis deformans in dogs
- Merck Veterinary Manual: Osteoarthritis in dogs
- Roush JK, et al. Multicenter veterinary practice assessment of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on osteoarthritis in dogs. JAVMA. 2010
This article is for general education and is not a substitute for care from your own veterinarian. Learn about The Pet Vet and our editorial policy.